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Ever wonder how food becomes fuel?
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[music] Let's discover mindful eating.
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Welcome to your science curiosity.
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>> Hello everyone. Today we begin an
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exciting journey into the world of
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nutrition. Food gives life to all living
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beings. Over the next few slides, we'll
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explore how to eat mindfully to build a
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healthy body and understand why what we
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Look at this school notice board. Food
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is the most essential component of our
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daily life, providing the sustenance we
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need to survive. But being healthy isn't
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just about eating anything. It's about
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choosing wholesome food in moderation
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that is appropriate for the season and
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the place we live. Let's think about
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what we've eaten this week. Have you
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ever noticed that your friends might eat
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very different meals than you do? Across
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India, food choices vary significantly
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from state to state. This wonderful
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diversity is closely linked to the crops
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grown locally as well as the unique
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culture, and traditions of each region.
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Let's take a food tour. In Punjab, maize
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and wheat are staples, [music]
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giving us the famous maki roti. Travel
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south to Carnotica and you'll find rice
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and raggi based dishes like idli and
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dosa. Meanwhile, in Manipur, traditional
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meals often include rice and unique
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green onion curries like uti. Our diet
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truly reflects our geography. Cooking
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has changed so much over time. Earlier,
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most cooking was done using a
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traditional stove called a chula and
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grinding was done manually with a stone
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sila. Today, technological developments
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have given us gas stoves and electrical
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grinders for ease. These changes in
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culinary practices are driven by better
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transportation and modern technology.
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What exactly is inside our food? It
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contains components called nutrients.
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These are the magic ingredients that
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provide us with energy, support our
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growth, repair our body tissues, and
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protect us from various diseases. Major
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nutrients include carbohydrates, fats,
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proteins, vitamins, and minerals.
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First, let's look at carbohydrates, our
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primary energy source. Found in cereals,
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potatoes, and fruits like bananas. They
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keep us moving. Simple carbohydrates
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like glucose provide instant energy,
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which is why you see marathon runners
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drinking glucose water during a race to
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keep their energy up. Next are fats.
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These provide stored energy and help
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keep us warm. We get them from plants
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like nuts and seeds or animals like ghee
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and butter. Did you know polar bears
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survive long winters without eating by
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using the thick layer of fat accumulated
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under their skin as an energy source
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for growth and repair? We need proteins,
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the bodybuilding foods. Sports persons
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need them in large quantities to build
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muscle. We get proteins from plant
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sources like pulses and beans and animal
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sources like milk, eggs, and fish. Even
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edible mushrooms are a great source of
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Now, let's talk about protective foods.
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Vitamins and minerals are required in
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only small amounts, but they are
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essential for protecting our body from
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diseases and keeping us healthy. [music]
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They strengthen our body and help our
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heart and eyes function properly.
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Vitamin A keeps our eyes and skin
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healthy. Without it, one might suffer
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from loss of vision in the dark. Vitamin
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B1 is also crucial as it keeps the heart
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healthy. A deficiency in B1 can lead to
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a disease called berry berry which
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causes swelling and trouble breathing.
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History teaches us the power of vitamin
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C. Scottish physician James Lind
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observed that sailors on long voyages
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suffered from bleeding gums, a disease
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called scurvy. He found that those who
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ate lemons and oranges recovered
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quickly. Vitamin C found in citrus
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fruits and amla is essential for helping
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our body fight diseases.
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For strong bones and teeth, we need
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vitamin D and calcium. Vitamin D is
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unique because our body can produce it
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naturally when our skin is exposed to
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sunlight. Without these, bones can
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become soft and bent leading to a
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deficiency disease known as ricketetts.
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Finally, we have essential minerals like
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iodine and iron. Iodine prevents goer
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which causes swelling in the neck. Iron
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is a key component of our blood. If we
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lack iron, we may develop anemia leading
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to weakness and shortness of breath. Now
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that we know the building blocks, let's
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learn [music] how to test for them.
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Welcome to the second part of our
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lesson. [music] Now that we understand
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nutrients, it's time to get practical.
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We'll learn how to identify these
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nutrients in our food and discover why
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eating locally is not just healthy for
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us, but also for our entire planet. Our
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body needs more than just nutrients. It
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needs dietary fiber, also known as
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ruffage. While it doesn't provide
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nutrients, it is essential for helping
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our body get rid of undigested food and
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ensuring the smooth passage of waste.
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You can find it in fruits, vegetables,
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and whole grains. Water is another vital
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part of our diet. Even though it
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provides no nutrients, it helps our body
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absorb nutrients from the food we eat.
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It also acts as a cleaning system,
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removing waste through sweat and urine
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to keep us functioning perfectly.
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Meet Kolithther Gopalan, the scientist
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who initiated nutrition research in
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India. He analyzed over 500 Indian foods
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to identify nutritional gaps. His work
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led to the midday meal program, now
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called PM Potion, which provides
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balanced food to millions of school
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You don't always need a fancy lab to
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find nutrients. We can use simple tests
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to detect starch, fats, and proteins
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right in our classroom. These
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investigations help us understand the
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hidden components in the items we eat
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To test for starch, a type of
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carbohydrate, take a food sample, like a
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slice of potato, and add a few drops of
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diluted iodine solution. If the food
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turns blue black, it confirms that
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starch is present. It's a simple and
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very effective way to find energy-giving
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Testing for fats is even easier. Wrap a
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small amount of food in paper and press
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it. If an oily translucent patch
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appears, one that lets light shine
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through faintly, that food contains fat.
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We see this often with butter, oil, or
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crushed nuts. For proteins, we need two
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chemicals: copper sulfate and costic
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soda. After making a paste of the food
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and adding these solutions, watch for a
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color change. If the mixture turns
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violet, you found protein.
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Interestingly, foods like peanuts can
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test positive for both proteins and
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fats. What is a balanced diet? It is a
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diet that contains all essential
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nutrients, roughage, and water in the
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right amounts for health and growth.
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Requirements vary based on your age,
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gender, and how active you are, but the
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goal is always to provide the body
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exactly what it needs to thrive.
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Beware of junk food. These items are
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high in calories from sugar, and fat,
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but provide very little protein,
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vitamins, or minerals. Consuming them
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frequently can lead to obesity and other
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health problems. Remember Dr. Poshida's
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statement, health is the ultimate
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Let's make smart choices. If you compare
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100 gram of potato wafers to 100 g of
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roasted chana, the chana is far
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healthier. It has much more protein and
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dietary fiber and way less fat. Choosing
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nutrient-dense snacks instead of junk
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food is a great way to take care of your
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To ensure safety, the FSSAI regulates
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food quality in India. You might also
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see fortified foods where nutrients like
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iodine or iron are added back during
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processing to improve nutritional
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quality. These are simple ways our
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government helps fight widespread
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nutrient deficiencies. Have you heard of
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millets? These native Indian grains like
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joar, bodra and ragi are called
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nutriereals. They are highly nutritious
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providing vitamins, minerals like iron
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and calcium and plenty of fiber. They're
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easy to grow and contribute
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significantly to a balanced diet.
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Food travels a long journey. The
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distance food travels from the producer
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to you is called food miles. For a
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simple chapati, it involves farming,
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harvesting, threshing, grinding, and
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transport. Reducing food miles helps cut
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pollution, supports our local farmers,
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and ensures our food is as fresh as
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possible. Finally, we must practice
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ethical eating. Choosing locally grown
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plant-based food is healthy for us and
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good for the environment. Most
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importantly, never waste food. Think of
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the immense effort our farmers put into
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every grain. Take only as much as you
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can consume. Eat healthy, share, and
